Which signs may point to root canal treatment?
- Pain that lingers long after hot or cold
- Pain that starts on its own or gets worse at night
- Swelling or a pimple-like bump on the gum
- A tooth that gradually darkens
Sometimes a tooth that needs root canal treatment gives no symptoms and is only noticed on an X-ray. The final decision is made after examination and X-rays.
How does the process work?
Diagnosis
The condition of the tooth is assessed with an examination and X-rays.
Cleaning
Under local anaesthesia the inflamed tissue inside the tooth is removed, and the canals are shaped and disinfected.
Filling
The canals are sealed with a biocompatible material.
Final restoration
Depending on its condition, the tooth is strengthened with a filling, onlay or crown.
Retreatment
If a problem returns in a tooth that has had root canal treatment before, the old filling material can be removed and the treatment redone. This is called retreatment and often saves the tooth.
Afterwards
Mild sensitivity when chewing is possible for the first few days. Root-filled teeth can become brittle over time, so the final restoration should not be delayed.
Frequently asked questions
Is root canal treatment painful?
The treatment is done under local anaesthesia, and you should not feel pain during the procedure. Most patients notice that the pain they had before goes away after treatment.
Couldn't I just have the tooth taken out instead?
An extracted tooth can cause neighbouring teeth to drift, affect chewing and lead to the need for an implant or bridge later. Keeping a tooth that can be saved is usually the better choice.
How long does a root-filled tooth last?
With a suitable restoration on top and regular care, it can last for many years.
The information on this site is for general guidance only and does not replace an examination and diagnosis by a dentist. Results of any procedure vary from person to person. Please discuss the details with your dentist before treatment. Page last updated: 5 October 2026.